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in the five weeks since expedition 47

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got underway the six crew members on

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board the international space station

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have been very busy with science

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research activities and they have had a

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lot of opportunities to show the

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international part of this operation and

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this morning we're going to get a little

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overview of that research that's

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underway on orbit i guess this morning

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is a yuri grenade ramirez who is the

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expedition 47 and 48 lead increment

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scientist there's a lot of station

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science that uses the crew members

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themselves as test subjects and tim

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copra and tim peake have been doing that

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for a number of weeks now

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tell me a little bit about the goals of

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some of these human life sciences

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experiments let's start with just a

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couple of them called microbiome and

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cognition

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certainly uh first i just want to

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mention a little bit about how exciting

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it is for us to see completion of human

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research

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investigations

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as you may know we consider our crew

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members our subjects and it takes

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several subjects to achieve statistical

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significance in order to be able to

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analyze the data so therefore it's many

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years in the making for us to get a

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complete set of number

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uh sub of subjects so that we can

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analyze the data and the scientists can

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can have meaningful results

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a few of these are being completed with

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this crew members coming home and some

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of their data collections after

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you mentioned cognition

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is one of those that is also

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coming to completion it's very exciting

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to see that wrapping up they are

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investigating how the environment of

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space and the stress related environment

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their sleep patterns affect the

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cognitive abilities the crew members

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perform a battery of tests that are

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designed to understand how those

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abilities related to problem solving

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creative thinking and all sorts of these

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motor skills are affected uh during

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these conditions in microgravity

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because the conditions are there it's

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not like they're on vacation and they're

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relaxing they are under some stress it

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is a very stressful exactly and all of

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these factors affect our our natural

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ability to to react another one that is

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called microbiome and that has to do

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with their insides in a different way

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that's right we are uh understanding the

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human body uh as a microcosmos if you

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would so all of the different bacteria

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and creatures that live inside our

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bodies

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are

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constantly

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being maintained and balanced and that

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balance is what allows us to be healthy

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our immune system to kick into gear

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and if anything gets a little bit off

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balance then we're not able to cope with

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illness as well and we get we get sick

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so

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understanding the interactions of that

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micro cosmos of the human body in

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relationship to the environment it's

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exposed to

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uh will yield hopefully a better

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understanding of how the immune system

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gets affected and depressed when crew

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members are in space

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so this investigation takes samples from

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the human body

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and the environment to try to understand

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uh how that is progressing through

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through their microgravity stay i

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mentioned that this is you know an

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international effort there's a japanese

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experiment that's looking about how

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being in space affects the immune

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function too

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what do the crew members do for for this

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experiment called multi-omics

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this experiment's a little bit different

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it does look at the similar environment

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in particular focusing in the in the gut

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area of the body but it is

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trying to understand if feeding the body

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with prebiotics which are essentially

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like the nutrients that a probiotic

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needs to be happy which is your gut

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flora to keep it healthy

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if we if we

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adequately provide those nutrients would

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that increase the ability of that

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gut flora to be happy healthy and

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therefore promote

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a stronger health and immune system

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and that's part of what that

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investigation is trying to understand

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in fact is the european and the canadian

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space agencies have some human life

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sciences experiments going right now too

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tell me about circadian rhythms and at

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home in space how do those fit into the

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effort to find out about what happens to

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people in weightlessness

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circadian rhythms is

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an investigation that looks at your body

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and the impacts of your biological clock

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so

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as we are conditioned to

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the day-night cycles that we have here

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on earth

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some people may be familiar that on

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station you have a day-night cycle every

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90 minutes

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and the hypothesis is to try to

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understand

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how that day night cycle that is very

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different and irregular from what we

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experience naturally on earth affects

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your whole biological clock

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so they are conducting experiments to

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measure uh your core body temperature uh

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via thermal lab sensor that they place

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on on the crew member's forehead and

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chest area and that

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temperature recording allows them to

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correlate to melatonin which is one of

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the most studied hormones that are

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associated with the circadian rhythms

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process in the body

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and then and the other one at home in

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space and at home it sounds quaint it

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does uh it is a little bit different

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looking at the psychosocial aspects

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so we understand we have crew members

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that are in a confined environment it's

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a stressful situation as we've discussed

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and you also have multi multicultural

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crew members coming together to make

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everything happen

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so at home in space is proposing that

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one of the coping mechanisms that are

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possibly being developed naturally

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is to develop an overarching space

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culture to help the crew members deal

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with that stress and have a coping

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mechanism

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it also studies their impacts

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from being away from home and their

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loved ones and their their families back

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home so

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it'll collect questionnaires

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through

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whether this is this is correct and it

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is really interesting to see that it

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could have applications here on earth

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not just for

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people that are working under confined

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uh

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elderly that are confined to some some

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human living living conditions that are

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are maybe not their homes they have to

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go into in a community living

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and if we understand how to develop that

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we may be able to provide it as a

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counter measure to help people

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achieve a better quality of life all of

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which is part of the effort to find out

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just what it's going to take to keep

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people well

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on long long missions of the future

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exactly and that and that as a great

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space application as well

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we mentioned earlier that there's

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another cargo ship launching to the

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station

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and that it is carrying

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material for experiments for this

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expedition and the next one tell me

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about a couple of that you're

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particularly looking forward to the

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cargo going up on the dragon ship today

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as you said there are so many

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experiments coming out it's really hard

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to to isolate a few so i'll just pick a

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few uh but a lot of the science is very

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exciting in the very uh

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various areas that we are investigating

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we are coming bringing

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several investigations from students

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through the nanowrimox program

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there is also a new device called the

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wet lab rna smart cycler which is

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looking at the ability to extract rna

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from biological samples

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while on station

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and that will allow scientists to

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completely revolutionize the way we're

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doing biological science today right now

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we have to bring our samples home keep

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it preserved at the right temperatures

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and conditions

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and this could open up some analyzing

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capabilities while on orbit

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we also have

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a couple of international

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investigations coming up like the

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india

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spheroids for issa excuse me which is

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studying uh the endothelial cells which

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are cells that are found in the blood

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vessels

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and it could potentially lead to some

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revolutionary

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medical treatments as well

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we have jaxa bringing two

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somewhat related cousin investigations

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if you would uh plant gravity sensing

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and cell mechanosensing it's a continued

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series of investigations that is trying

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to understand how the plants

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sense gravity so how do they know that

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they are not in the gravity what are

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those

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uh mechanisms that are altered at that

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cellular level

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that therefore are having an impact on

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how they grow and and similar to muscle

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type of cells with the cell

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mechanosensing that could also yield

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potential treatments for some of the

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muscle atrophy that we're seeing

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we also have rr3 ila lily bringing from

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the nasa side of the house a big

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investigation that can help us

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understand

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if we if we can devise a new mechanisms